Papilloma is an injury to the skin and mucous membranes caused by the human papillomavirus.
Pathogens - viruses of the genus Papilloma. Currently, more than 60 variants are known, with 32 recognized pathogens.
Routes of transmission - contact (via skin microtrauma), genitals, perinatal (at birth).
Manifestation of papillomas
- Skin Papillomas (Warts)
It is most often observed on the hands and less often on other parts of the body. Local lesions are common in children and adolescents. Wart injuries are widespread in immunocompromised patients. The incubation period is 1-6 months. The maximum viral load in the affected tissues is determined 6 months after infection. - Vulgar (simple) papillomas.
They are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). This shape is manifested by hard bumps with a rough surface at least 1 mm in diameter, which tend to fuse. Vulgar papillomas often cover a large area. They can appear anywhere, but more often on the back of the palm and fingers, in children - on the knee. A single papilloma can exist for months or even years, virtually unchanged, but rapid spread of the process is also possible. There are cases where the papilloma develops. Immune deficient conditions contribute to the spread of the process. - Plant papillomas.
The pathogen is HPV-1 (deep form), HPV-2 (mosaic warts) and HPV-4 (smaller lesions). The process begins with the appearance of a small, glossy bulge that acquires the characteristics of a typical papilloma and is surrounded by a protruding rim. Occasionally, a number of girls appear around a papilloma that resemble bubbles - mosaic warts.
Cervical papillomas can be painful and make it difficult to walk. Their duration of existence varies. In some cases, especially in children, any number of papillomas can disappear spontaneously. This form of the disease is often confused with calli, which appear on the fingers or at pressure points between the fingers. The corns, unlike papillomas, have a smooth surface with a skin pattern. - Flat papillomas.
Their pathogens are HPV-3 and HPV-10. These are represented by smooth bumps of normal skin color (pale yellow or light in color). They can be round or polygonal. The appearance of flat papillomas, especially in children, is accompanied by itching, inflammation of the affected area, redness, pain. - Filiform papillomas.
Occurs more frequently in the armpit, groin, neck, around the eyes in 50% of the population over 50 years of age. The process begins with the appearance of a small yellowish or slightly colored cone, then grows to form elongated, dense elastic formations, 5-6 mm in size. At the site of possible trauma, the papilloma may become inflamed. Their spontaneous disappearance does not occur. - Local epithelial hyperplasia (Beck's disease).
The pathogens are human papillomavirus 13 and 32. The disease was first described by the American Indians. It can be observed on the mucous membranes of the mouth, tongue, lips in the form of small fusing papillary eruptions. - Genital warts
The pathogens of genital warts are human papillomaviruses with low (6, 11), medium (31, 33, 35) and high (16, 18) oncological risk. Viruses are sexually transmitted. The incubation period lasts from several weeks to months. In some cases, the injuries are minimal and often go unnoticed. Infected cells are prone to malignant degeneration. In most cases, a long and extensive process accompanies immunodeficiency conditions.
Cervical cancer is most commonly diagnosed in women with genital warts. In most cases, regardless of the age of the patients, the viral genome is detected by DNA hybridization. The pathogen is HPV-18. - Juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis
The pathogens are HPV-6 and HPV-11. They are rarely registered. Papillomatosis is most often seen in children under the age of 5 who are infected in the mother's birth canal. Characteristic increases can be observed in the audio cables, leading to speech disturbances and disturbances in the upper respiratory tract atmosphere.
Treatment of papillomas
The same symptoms may be signs of different illnesses and the illness may not continue according to the textbook. Do not try to heal yourself - see your doctor.
There is currently no uniform international standard for the treatment of papillomas. The official handling guidelines so far include xx / pxx
- cytostatics (antineoplastic agents),
- cryo laser,
- electrical destruction.
But these are not always effective and are accompanied by setbacks.
Other treatment for papillomas:
- for skin and vulgar (simple) papillomas - surgical removal (cryodestruction, laser removal combined with immunity correction).
- Vegetable - for cryodestruction, laser and / or diathermocoagulation.
- Mosaic papillomas are the most difficult to treat. When they disappear, especially in children, signs of inflammation are observed.
- For flat forms - cryotherapy with immunity correction.
- filiform - for diathermocoagulation.
- Cryotherapy with immunotherapeutic correction for local epithelial hyperplasia.
- In case of cardiac wart dysplasia, cryotherapy or diathermocoagulation with subsequent correction of immunity.
- For genital warts - removal of warts by cryotherapy, laser excision or diathermocoagulation and mandatory correction of the immune system.
Treatment of sex papillomas can be difficult with other sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, herpes, CMV infection, etc. ). In these cases, the treatment is performed in parallel.